Historical Review of the Penicillin and Related Compounds (β – Lactams)

Abstract

In spite of  the old age of beta lactam, they continue to provide good health and preventing human diseases by virtue of  industrial production and discoveries of small new beta-lactam group of secondary metabolite.  Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide therefore, the present survey discusses the event that occurred in the progress of the  penicillin, and beta-lactam from discovery to implementation as a therapeutic agent in order to overcome this issue .  Moreover, this review provides a descriptive overview of the various published ways to enhance the clinical effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics and the methods that lead to synthesis of beta-lactam ring.