The incidence of coxiella infection in Iraqi women with early pregnancy loss
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v24i2.1032Keywords:
Query fever, Coxiella burnetii, Early pregnancy loss, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayAbstract
Query fever is a bacterial disease resulting from Coxiella burnetii (CB) infection in animals. It is well known that small ruminants who get Q fever lose their babies. People think pregnant women may also have lousy gestation results if they get the infection or the infection comes back to life during pregnancy.
This study looks at how serologic results of Q fever and early pregnancy loss (EPL) are linked. In Baghdad, including Madinat Al-Imamain Al-Kadhmain Teaching Hospital and Abu Ghraib Hospital, multicenter case-control research was conducted from September to December 2022. A total of 90 women were enrolled in this investigation. Sixty clinically suffered from early pregnancy loss by having a nonviable intrauterine pregnancy. The other 30 women were subjects of comparable age, the week of pregnancy, and the healthy subjects as controls. Using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum samples were screened for antibodies against CB. Three (5%) cases tested positive for CB by ELISA. The study reveals no association between adverse gestation outcomes and positive Q fever serology. Age and abortion history were not significantly correlated with C. burnetii seropositivity, according to the findings of CB cases that tested positive results.
References
- Million M, Raoult D. Recent advances in the study of Q fever epidemiology , diagnosis and management. J Infect [Internet]. 2015;71:S2–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.024
- Bielawska-dro A, Michalski A, Niemcewicz M, Bartoszcze M, Lasocki K. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in environmental samples collected from cattle farms in Eastern and Central Poland ( 2011 – 2012 ). 2014;174:600–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.034
- Abnae, Prasad et al. “Coxiella burnetii Lipopolysaccharide: What Do We Know?.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 18,12 2509. 23 Nov. 2017, doi:10.3390/ijms18122509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122509
- Maltezou HC, Raoult D. Q fever in children. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2(11):686–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00440-1
- Plummer PJ, McClure JT, Menzies P, Morley PS, Van den Brom R, Van Metre DC. Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32(5):1481–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15229
- Rickettsies U, Public C. Phylogenic homogeneity of Coxiella burnetii strains as determinated by 16S ribosomal R N A sequencing. 1993;113:339–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(93)90228-T
- Norlander, L. “Q fever epidemiology and pathogenesis.” Microbes and infection vol. 2,4 (2000): 417-24. doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00325-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(00)00325-7
- Ullah Q, Jamil T, Saqib M, Iqbal M, Neubauer H. Q Fever—A Neglected Zoonosis. Microorganisms. 2022;10(8): 1530. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10081530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081530
- AL-Tamimi EO, Muslih RM, Thejeel KA. Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Studies of 2-azetidinones Compounds Derived from Amoxicillin. Al Mustansiriyah J Pharm Sci. 2015;15(1):14–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v15i1.160
- Smorti, Martina et al. “Centrality of Pregnancy and Prenatal Attachment in Pregnant Nulliparous After Recent Elective or Therapeutic Abortion.” Frontiers in psychology vol. 11 607879. 3 Dec. 2020, doi:10.3389/fps.2020.607879. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607879
- C. N, W. A, S. D, A. KI, T. P, Z. G. M. Morphogenesis of extra-embryonic tissues directs the remodelling of the mouse embryo at implantation. Nat Commun [Internet]. 2019;10(1):1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11482-5
- B. J, S. L, B.H. A, A. H, G. A, K. M. The placental vascular component in early and late intrauterine fetal death. Thromb Res [Internet]. 2012;130(6):901–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2012.09.013
- de Z. D, F. RF. Recurrent pregnancy losses, a lasting cause of infertility. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2021;115(3):531–2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.004
- K. G, G. I. E, H. S, C.HH, C. A, D. UP. Recurrent Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy Management and the Risk of a Third Ectopic Pregnancy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol . 2021;28(8):1497-1502.e1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.12.005
- P. MH, G. K, He M, K. S, S. R. Early Pregnancy Losses: Review of Nomenclature, Histopathology, and Possible Etiologies. FPP. 2018;37(3):191-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15513815.2018.1455775
- Amira MN Abdelrahman, BES. Serum Kisspeptin-1 at time of Pregnancy Diagnosis is superior to serum βhCG for prediction of Early Pregnancy Loss. Egypt J Fertil Steril. 2021;25(3):65–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/egyfs.2021.195180
- M. NS, G. JPM, F. BCJM. Conception to ongoing pregnancy : the ` black box ’ of early pregnancy loss. 2002;8(4):333–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/8.4.333
- M. S, G. B. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.
- Silver RM, Branch DW. Time for a Change. 2011;118(6):1402–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182392977
- Condous G. Letter to the Editor Rede fi ning fi rst trimester miscarriage. 2012;597–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12022
- F. RG, J. E, E. N, S. E. Updated and revised nomenclature for description of early pregnancy events. 2005;20(11):3008–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei167
- E. RG. Causes of early embryonic loss in human pregnancy. 1986;1(3):185–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136378
- H. TJ. reviews Chromosome abnormalities in human reproductive wastage. Cell press journal. Vol 2, P105-110, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(86)90194-0
- A. A N, W. J, C. P, O. J, M. M. Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study BMJ 2000; 320 :1708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7251.1708
- J.E, B. GJ. Pathophysiology of Histological Changes in Early Pregnancy Loss *. 2005;114–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2004.05.011
- O. M, A. K, O. S, S. K. Embryonic karyotype of abortuses in relation to the number of previous. 2000;73(2):300–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00495-1
- Predict A, Abortions S. Does the Karyotype of a Spontaneous Abortion Predict the Karyotype of a Subsequent Abortion ? -Evidence from 273 Women with Two Karyotyped Spontaneous Abortions. 1987;465–83.
- S96 Abstracts,vol 76, No. 3, Suppl. 1, September 2001.
- Dhilal M. and Hayat G. S. Prevalence trichomoniasis and candidiasis for symptomatic pregnant and non-pregnant women in Iraq. AJPS, Vol. 16, No.2. 2016.
- Q. S, G. ID, D. S. RK, P. M, S.MD, F. J, et al. Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss. Lancet [Internet]. 2021;397(10285):1658–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00682-6
- M. HK, P. RA, K. GJ. Q Fever: A Troubling Disease and a Challenging Diagnosis.CMN. 2021;43(13):109–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2021.06.003
- S. C. M, G. EM, N. K, Knap JP. Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Humans Occupationally Exposed to Animals in Poland. VBZD. 2015;15(4):261–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2014.1716
- S. A, M. MA, A. A, A. FA, A. AH, B. HA, et al. Coxiella burnetii and its risk factors in cattle in Egypt: a seroepidemiological survey. BMC V.R. 2023;19(1):1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03577-5
- Al-Khatib S, Al-Etan L, Abdo N, Al-Mistarehi A. Polymorphism in pro-inflammatory and immune-related genes in diffuse large B cell lymphoma susceptibility and overall survival in Arab descent population: A case-control study. Virchows Arch. 2019;475.
- G. Z. N, P. M. Q fever during pregnancy: a narrative review. CMI [Internet]. 2020;26(7):864–70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.024
- Nigro G, M. M, M. E, D. GC, C. G, A. MM. Role of the infections in recurrent spontaneous abortion. JMNM. 2011;24(8):983–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2010.547963
- N. SY, H. NH, A. AMN, H. TB, K. B, K. KA, et al. Presence of antibodies against coxiella burnetii and risk of spontaneous abortion: A nested case-control study. PLoS One. 2012;7(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031909
- W. B. MCA, W. CCH, M. J, K.k JM, H. T, T. HT, et al. Evaluation of commonly used serological tests for detection of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in well-defined acute and follow-up sera. CVI. 2012;19(7):1110–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.05581-11
- Jalel G, Alyaa H, A. Salih. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among humans in Nasiriya city- South of Iraq. JEPS
, vol. 1, Issue 1, P. 42-50.
- N. SY, M. K, Villumsen S, H. TB, K. KA, L. CS. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in pregnant women, DEID. 2014;20(6):925–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2006.130584
- J. J, Somon-Payet C, De V. P, Larrieu S Atiana L. Q fever seroprevalence in parturient women: The EQRUN cross-sectional study on Reunion Island. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-04969-w
- 42. O. MM, Roess A, Imnadze P, Malania L, Salman AEB, Arner RJ. Seroprevalence and risk factors for coxiella burnetii in Jordan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;101(1):40–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0049
- Z. KH, Mauri L, O’Malley AJ,. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for evaluating diagnostic tests and predictive models. Circulation. 2007;115(5):654–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594929
- Miller HK, Kersh GJ. Analysis of recombinant proteins for Q fever diagnostics. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020;10(1):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77343-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77343-0
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Noor Alanbaki, Baydaa Hameed Abdullah, wassan Abdulkarreem Abbas, Mamdouh Mohamed Elbahnasawy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
