Prevalence of Cardiac Remodeling among Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Outpatients in a Sample of the Iraqi Population: A Preliminary Study

Karrar Mohammed Abbas; Mohammed M. Mohammed; Mohammed Abdel Alhassan Hamas

doi:10.32947/ajps.v26i2.1366

Authors

Karrar Mohammed Abbas Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq
Mohammed M. Mohammed Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Mohammed Abdel Alhassan Hamas Department of Internal Medicine, Al Nasiriya Teaching Hospital, Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Health, Al Nasiriya, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v26i2.1366

Keywords:

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Cardiac Remodeling, Transthoracic Echocardiography

Abstract

Background: Pressure overload, uremic toxins, and deteriorating renal function are the main causes of ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease, which increases with the severity of the condition.

Aims: The study aims to investigate the types and prevalence of cardiac remodeling among outpatients in Thi-Qar city who do not require dialysis and have chronic kidney disease stages (3, 4, and 5).

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 51 non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3-5) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min who were categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome guidelines were examined. The eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation. Interviews were used to get clinical and demographic data as well as comorbidities. Transthoracic echocardiography was also performed on each participant.

Results: The study included 25 men and 26 women who had been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, predominantly in the fifth to sixth decades of life, where the BMI differed significantly, with the highest mean value observed in stage 3 group (30.95 ± 5.51 kg/m²; p = 0.005). Participants' median duration of CKD was roughly one to two years, with a range of one to seven years. 39.21% of the subjects had uncontrolled diabetes, while 70.58% of the subjects had uncontrolled hypertension. At stage 3, 63.64% of participants showed cardiac remodeling, 62.96% at stage 4, and 76.92% at stage 5 CKD. The Cardiac Remodeling was more frequent in males versus females (76% vs. 57.69%).

Conclusion: According to this study, cardiac remodeling was common among CKD outpatients prior to dialysis and became more prevalent as the severity of the disease increased.

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