Types of Attractive Dosage Forms for Primary School Students and Associated Factors in Baghdad/ Iraq

Sura Zuhair Mahmood; Nora Zawar Yousif; Zeina Dawood Salman

doi:10.32947/ajps.v20i4.770

Authors

Sura Zuhair Mahmood Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Nora Zawar Yousif Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Zeina Dawood Salman Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v20i4.770

Abstract

The lack of age-appropriate and child -friendly formulation of medication for children poses a major challenge to pediatric therapeutic practice, adherence, and health care delivery worldwide, however, formulation acceptability and preferences facilitate medication

adherence in children, and they are important factors in achieving the intended treatment outcomes in which this study looks ahead. The present study aims to determine the various medication trends of children through their parents and caregivers, child preference of certain dosage form (chewable gel) in comparison with another solid dosage forms and its popularity among Iraqi primary school, furthermore the study highlights different variables influence student preference for chewable gel. A total of 230 Iraqi primary school students were randomly selected and interviewed with the presence of their parents. It was observed that (51.3%) of the parents/caregivers reported that the liquid dosage form is the most dosage form that commonly used, (72%) of consumers revealed that the capsules and tablets are not easy to swallow, furthermore, this study revealed that (68.6%) of school students preferred to take medication as chewable gel over than other oral solid dosage forms ,and this preference varied significantly with several socioeconomic and other factors.

References

- Allen L.V. Jr.Dosage form design and development. Clin Ther. November 2008. Vol. 30(11). Pp:2102-2111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.11.015

- Ivanovska V.; Carin M.A. Rademaker C.M.A; Dijk L.V., and Mantel-Teeuwisse A.K. Pediatric Drug Formulations: A Review of Challenges and Progress, Pediatric. August 2014. Vol.134 (2) Pp: 361-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-3225

- Lopez F.L.; Ernest T.B; Tuleu C.and Gul M.O. Formulation approaches to pediatric oral drug delivery: benefits and limitations of current platforms. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv, July 2015.Vol. 12(11) Pp: 1727–1740 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2015.1060218

- Morten J. D., Magnus N. H. and Kurt I. D. Soft, chewable gelatin-based pharmaceutical oral formulations: a technical approach. Pharm Dev Technol. Jun 2018.Vol 23(5) Pp: 504-511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2017.1332642

- Rose, K. (Munich) van den Anker, J.N. Guide to Paediatric Drug Development and Clinical Research. (Washington, D.C) Basel, Karger, 2010, pp 1–20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-8055-9363-2

- Nunn T, Williams J. Formulation of medicines for children. Br J Clin Pharmacol. Jun 2005; Vol (59) :674-676) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02410.x

- Ruheena T., Sirisha M. Soft chewable drug delivery system: Oral medicated jelly and soft chew. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. July 2018; Vol 8 (4) Pp: 65-72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i4.1784

- Ibrahim I.R. • Ibrahim M.I. M • Al-Haddad M.S. The inﬂuence of consumers’ preferences and perceptions of oral solid dosage forms on their treatment. Int J Clin Pharm.June 2012; Vol (34)5: 728-732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9667-6

- Adams L.V., Craig S.R., Mmbaga E.J., Naburi H., Lahey T., Nutt C.T, Kisenge R., Noel G.J, Spielberg S.P., Children’s Medicines in Tanzania: A National Survey of Administration Practices and Preferences. PLOS ONE.March 2013; Vol 8 (3): Pp1-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058303

- SAS.2010.SAS/STAT Users Guide for Personal Computer. Release 9.1.SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, N.C., USA.

- Ibrahim I.R., Al Tukmagi H.F., Wayyes A. Attitudes of Iraqi society towards the role of community pharmacists. INNOVATIONS in pharmacy. Jan 2013; Vol. 4(2): Pp:1-10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v4i2.296

- Vinker S., Eliyahu V., Yaphe J.The Effect of Drug Information Leaflets on Patient Behavior. The Israel Medical Association journal: IMAJ. May 2007; Vol.9 (1) Pp:383-386

- Abdulkhale N.M., Ali W.K Elkordy A.A. Effect of coating method on release of Glimepiride from porosity osmotic pump tablets (POPTs). Al-Mustansiriyah Journal for Pharmaceutical Sciences. May 2020; Vol.20(2): Pp37-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v20i2.696

- Mowafaq, M. G. Development and evaluation of orodispersible tablet of Propranolol Hydrochloride by sublimation technique. AJPS. 2013, Vol. 14(2) Pp:65- 72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v13i2.202

- Sabri, L.A.; Sulayman H.T and Ameen D.W. Formulation of Tinidazole as an oral suspension dosage form. AJPS. 2013; Vol. 13(1): Pp:82-83 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v13i1.182

- Van D.A; Riet N.; Schobben A.F.A.; Vromans H.; Egberts T.C.G; Rademaker C.M.A; Safe and effective pharmacotherapy in infants and preschool children: importance of formulation aspects. Arch Dis Child. March 201; Vol 101(7) Pp: 662–669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308227

- Alyami H.; Dahmash E.; Fahad Alyami F.; Dahmash D.; Chi Huynh C.; Terry D.; Mohammed A.R. Dosage form preference consultation study in children and young adults: paving the way for patient centred and patient informed dosage form development. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. October 2017; Vol 24(6) Pp: 332-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-001023

- Esther T. L., Steadman K. J, Mak M., Cichero J.A.Y., Nissen.L.M.Prevalence of swallowing difficulties and medication modification in customers of community pharmacists. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. March 2015; Vol.45(1) Pp:18-23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jppr.1052

- El Edelbi R., Eksborg S., Lindemalm S. In situ coating makes it easier for children to swallow and tolerate tablets and capsules. Acta Pædiatrica. June.2015. Vol. 104(9) Pp: 956–961 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13041

- Ranmal S.R., O'Brien F., Lopez F., Ruiz F., Orlu M., Tuleu C., Walsh J., Liu F. Methodologies for assessing the acceptability of oral formulations among children and older adults: a systematic review. Drug Discov Today. Apr 2018; Vol. 23(4) Pp:830-847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.038

- Mistry P., Batchelor H., Evidence of acceptability of oral pediatric medicine a review. Pharm Pharmacol. April, 2017; Vol. 69(4) Pp:361-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12610

- Kadhim Z.M., K. Ali W. Utilization of Natural Polymer in the Preparation of Oral Jelly of Granisetron. Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. May .2019; Vol. 19(2):1-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v19i2.549

- Olaanea A. A and Bahari A.Z.B.S.Advantages of Jelly over Liquid Formulations for Pediatrics. J Formul Sci Bioavailab. February 2017; Vol.1(1) Pp:1-2

- . Sarojini S., Anusha K., Maneesha Ch., Mufaquam M. A., Deepika B., Reddy Y.K., and Kanduko N.R.). Oral medicated jellies -a review. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2018; Vol. 7(6) Pp: 352-365

- Ali A., Shadeed A., Fitian H.& Zyoud S.H.The difficulties experienced during the preparation and administration of oral drugs by parents at home: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. BMC Pediatrics. May 2020; Vol.20 (198):1-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02105-w

- Elliott I.C. Assessing Vitamins, Minerals and Supplements Marketed to Children in Canada.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. Nov. 2019; Vol. 16 (22):1-11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224326