Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Overlaps, Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Management
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Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional digestive disorders, diagnosis of patients might be difficult because IBS can be confused with the symptoms of other organic gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, microscopic colitis, celiac and inflammatory bowel disease.
The primary clinical symptoms of IBS included changed bowel habits, pains, and recurrent abdominal discomfort. The pathogenesis of IBS is very complicated, there was several factors like environment, heritability, genetic, diet or intestinal inflammation, social learning, and disorders in the neuroendocrine system (NES) of the gut. The treatment must be tailored to each patient specific symptomatology because may be difficult management of the disease, patients should be avoiding some foods such as fermentable saccharides that increase osmotic pressure that provide substrate for bacterial fermentation, which results in the production of gas, distension of the large intestine with pain and discomfort in the abdomen. Many studies approved the effect of probiotics by improvements of abdominal distension and flatulence, as well as a reduction in the composite IBS symptom. Probiotics bind to the epithelial cells, inhibit pathogens, and improve intestinal barrier function, also increase stabilization of the colonic microbiota and reduce colonic fermentation.
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