Bis-Schiff Bases of Isatin Derivatives Synthesis, and their Biological Activities: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i1.827Keywords:
: Isatin, Isatin Bis-Schiff bases, biological activities.Abstract
Isatin is a heterocyclic molecule that belongs to one of the most important classes of organic compounds known as indolines. Isatin, isatin analogs, and their Schiff bases have recently attracted a lot of attention in medicinal chemistry. Isatin, itself, shows various biological activities such as antiviral, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and anticonvulsant. Bis- Schiff bases containing isatin moiety have been known to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. This review offers up-to-date information on the most active isatin bis-Schiff bases, which would include anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. These observations can lead to new molecular modifications that result in compounds with more desirable pharmacological properties
References
- Medvedev AE, Clow A, Sandler M, Glover V. Isatin: a link between natriuretic peptides and monoamines? Biochemical pharmacology. Aug 1996. Vol. 52(3). pp: 385-391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(96)00206-7
- d'Ischia M, Palumbo A, Prota G. Adrenalin oxidation revisited. New products beyond the adrenochrome stage. Tetrahedron. Jan 1988. Vol. 44 (20). pp: 6441-6446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89832-X
- Chiyanzu I, Hansell E, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, McKerrow JH, Chibale K. Synthesis and evaluation of isatins and thiosemicarbazone derivatives against cruzain, falcipain-2 and rhodesain. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Oct 2003. Vol.13 (20). pp: 3527-3530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00756-X
- Almeida MR, Leitão GG, Silva BV, Barbosa JP, Pinto AC. Counter-current chromatography separation of isatin derivatives using the Sandmeyer methodology. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2010. Vol. 21(4). pp: 764-769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532010000400025
- Pal M, Sharma NK, Priyanka P, Jha KK. Synthetic and biological multiplicity of isatin. ChemInform. Nov 2011. Vol.42 (44). pp: 35-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201144253
- Vandana K, Marathakam A, Thushara BS, Rajitha K. A Review on Isatin Derivatives with Diverse Biological Activites. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Oct 2017. Vol. 6(16). pp: 318-332.
- Goutam Brahmachari, “Chemistry and Pharmacology of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds” 1st Ed, CRC press, Boca Raton. Chapter 4: Applications of Isatin Chemistry in Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, ChemInform, 2013. pp: 74-115.
- Sandmeyer T. Ueber Isonitrosoacetanilide und deren Kondensation zu Isatinen. Helvetica Chimica Acta. 1919. Vol. 2(1). pp: 234-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19190020125
- Hewawasam P, Meanwell NA. A general method for the synthesis of isatins: preparation of regiospecifically functionalized isatins from anilines. Tetrahedron letters. Oct 1994. Vol. 35(40). pp: 7303- 7306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(94)85299-5
- Yan Y, Li G, Wang F, Mao W. Huadong Huagong Xueynan XueBao. Shanghai: Huadong Li Gong Da Xue. 1992. Vol. 18. pp: 192.
- Joaquim F. M. Da Silva, S. J. Garden, and Angelo C. Pinto. The Chemistry of Isatins: A review from 1975 to 1999. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2001. Vol. 12(3). pp: 273-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532001000300002
- Silva BV. Isatin, a versatile molecule: studies in Brazil. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2013. Vol. 24(5). pp: 707-720. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20130089
- Ramachandran S. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel schiff and mannich bases of isatin derivatives. Int J Res Pharm Chem. 2011. Vol. 1. pp: 289-294.
- Pandeya SN., Sriram D., Nath G., De Clercq E., Synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-HIV evaluation of Schiff and Mannich bases of isatin derivatives with 3-amino-2-methylmercapto quinazolin-4(3H)-one. Pharm Acta Helv.1999. Vol. 74(1). Pp: 11-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(99)00010-2
- Chohan ZH, Pervez H, Rauf A, Khan KM, Supuran CT. Isatin-derived antibacterial and antifungal compounds and their transition metal complexes. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. Oct 2004. Vol. 19(5). pp: 417-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14756360410001710383
- Güzel Ö, Karalı N, Salman A. Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of 5-methyl/trifluoromethoxy-1H-indole-2, 3-dione 3-thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. Oct 2008. Vol. 16(19). pp: 8976-8987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.050
- Shibinskaya MO, Lyakhov SA, Mazepa AV, Andronati SA, Turov AV, Zholobak NM, Spivak NY. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, antiviral activity and interferon inducing ability of 6-(2-aminoethyl)-6H-indolo [2, 3-b] quinoxalines. European journal of medicinal chemistry. Mar 2010. Vol. 45(3). pp: 1237-1243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.12.014
- Solomon VR, Hu C, Lee H. Hybrid pharmacophore design and synthesis of isatin–benzothiazole analogs for their anti-breast cancer activity. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. Nov 2009. Vol. 17(21). pp: 7585-7592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.068
- Prakash C.R., Raja S., Saravanan G., Dinesh K.P., Panneer S., Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant activities of some novel isatin derivatives and analogs. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science. 2011. Vol. 1(4). pp: 140-143.
- Sharma PP, Roy RK, Verma K, Gupta S. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some novel isatin schiff’s bases. InInternational Journal of ChemTech Research. 2009. Vol. 1. pp: 758-763.
- Babu GS, Rajani N, Malathy PS, Srinivas B, Kulandaivelu U, Rao JV. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of novel N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-isatinylidene-hydrazinecarboxamide derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. Der Pharma Chemica. 2010. Vol. 2(3). pp: 196-204.
- Zapata-Sudo G, Pontes LB, Gabriel D, Mendes TC, Ribeiro NM, Pinto AC, Trachez MM, Sudo RT. Sedative–hypnotic profile of novel isatin ketals. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. Apr 2007. Vol.86 (4). pp: 678- 685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2007.02.013
- Vine K. L., Locke J. M., Ranson M., Pyne S. G., and Bremner J. B., In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of some substituted isatin derivatives . Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2007. Vol.15 (2). pp: 931-938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.035
- Ghosh P., Dey S. K., Ara M. H., Karim K., and Islam A. B. M., A review on synthesis and versatile applications of some selected Schiff bases with their transition metal complexes. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 62 (Special Issue (Part 2) Innovation in Chemistry). 2019. pp: 523-547.
- Schiff, H., Mittheilungen aus dem Universitätslaboratorium in Pisa: eine neue Reihe organischer Basen. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 131(1), 118-119(1864). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18641310113
- Dhar D.N., Taploo CL., Schiff bases and their applications. J Sci Ind Res. 1982. Vol. 41. pp: 501-506.
- Pandey, A., Dewangan, D., and Verma S., Synthesis of Schiff bases of 2-amino-5-aryl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole and its Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity and anti-Tubercular activity. Int. J. ChemTech. Res. 2011. Vol. 3. Pp: 178-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/145028
- Sathe, B. S., Jaychandran, E., Jagtap, V. A., and Sreenivasa, G. M., Synthesis characterization and anti-inflammatory evaluation of new fluorobenzothiazole Schiff’s bases. Int J Pharm Res Dev. 2011. Vol.3 (3). pp: 164-169.
- Chandramouli, C., Shivanand, M. R., Nayanbhai, T. B., Bheemachari, B., and Udupi, R. H., Synthesis and biological screening of certain new triazole Schiff bases and their derivatives bearing substituted benzothiazole moiety. J Chem Pharm Res. 2012. Vol. 4(2). pp: 1151-1159.
- Mounika, K., Pragathi, A., & Gyanakumari, C. Synthesis characterization and biological activity of a Schiff base derived from 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde and 2-amino benzoic acid and its transition metal complexes. J. Sci. Res. 2010. Vol.2 (3). pp: 513-524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4899
- Venkatesh, P., Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of various schiff bases complexes of Zn (II) and Cu (II) ions. Asian J Pharm Hea Sci. 2011. Vol. 1(1). pp: 8-11.
- Chaubey, A. K., and Pandeya, S. N. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity (Chemo Shock) of Schiff and Mannich bases of Isatin derivatives with 2-Amino pyridine (mechanism of action). Int. J. Pharmtech Res. 2012. Vol. 4(4). pp: 590 -598.
- Aboul-Fadl T., Mohammed F. A. H., and Hassan E. A. S., Synthesis, antitubercular activity and pharmacokinetic studies of some Schiff bases derived from 1-alkylisatin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH). Arch. Pharm. Res. 2003. Vol. 26(10). pp: 778-784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980020
- Kumar, M., Padmini, T., and Ponnuvel, K., Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activities of Schiff bases are of cholesterol. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2017. Vol. 21. pp: S322-S328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2014.03.006
- Ali S. M. M., Azad M. A. K., Jesmin M., Ahsan S., Rahman M. M., Khanam J. A., Islam M. M., and Shahriar S. M. S., In vivo anticancer activity of vanillin semicarbazone. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2012. Vol. 2(6). pp: 438-442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60072-0
- Miri, R., Razzaghi-asl, N., & Mohammadi, M. K., QM study and conformational analysis of an isatin Schiff base as a potential cytotoxic agent. J. Mol. Model. 2013. Vol. 19(2). pp: 727-735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-012-1586-x
- Wei D., Li N., Lu G., and Yao K., Synthesis, catalytic and biological activity of novel dinuclear copper complex with Schiff base. Science in China B. 2006. Vol. 49. pp: 225–229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-006-0225-8
- Mathew, B., Vakketh, S. S., & Kumar, S. S., Synthesis, molecular properties and anthelmintic activity of some Schiff bases of 1, 3, 4- thiadiazole derivatives. Der Pharma Chem. 2010. Vol. 2(5). pp: 337-343.
- Malhota, L., Kumar, S. and Dhindsa, K. S., Synthesis, characterization and microbial activity of Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes of aryloxyacetic acid and hydrazides. Indian J. Chem. 1993. Vol. 32A. pp: 457-459.
- Vashi K. and Naik H. B., Synthesis of novel Schiff base and azetidinone derivatives and their antibacterial activity. European Journal of Chemistry. 2004. Vol. 1. pp: 272-276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2004/158924
- Kumaran J. S., Priya S., Jayachandramani N., and Mahalakshmi S., Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and biological activities of transition metal complexes derived from a tridentate Schiff base. Journal of Chemistry. 2013. pp: 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/260358
- Aly R. O., Farag R. S., and Hassan M. M., γ- Irradiation and characterization of synthesized methoxy-benzylpyrimidine formimidate Schiff-base and some metal-complex derivatives. Arab. J. Chem. 2016. Vol. 9. pp: S852-S857. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.09.017
- Azizian J., Mohammadi M. K., Firuzi O., Razzaghi-asl N., and Miri R., Synthesis, biological activity and docking study of some new isatin Schiff base derivatives. Med Chem Res. 2012. Vol. 21. pp: 3730-3740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-011-9896-6
- Ravichandran V., Mohan S., Suresh Kumar K., Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of Mannich bases of isatin and its derivatives with 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl) amino] phenylacetic acid. Arkivoc, xiv. 2007. pp: 51–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0008.e07
- Adachi J., Mori Y., Matsui S., Takigami H., Fujino J., Kitagawa H., Miller C.A., Kato T., Saeki K., and Matsuda T., Indirubin and Indigo are Potent Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands Present in Human Urine. J. Biol. Chem. 2001. Vol. 276. pp: 31475-31478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C100238200
- Hoessel, R., Leclerc, S., Endicott, J. A., Nobel, M. E., Lawrie, A., Tunnah, P., Leost M., Damiens E., Marie D., Marko D.,and Meijer, L., Indirubin, the active constituent of a Chinese antileukaemia medicine, inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases. Nat. Cell Biol. 1999. Vol. 1(1). pp: 60-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/9035
- Xiao Z., Qian L., Liu B., and Hao Y., Meisoindigo for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. British journal of haematology. 2000. Vol. 111(2). pp: 711-712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02357.x
- Liang C., Xia J., Lei D., Li X., Yao Q., and Gao J., Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of symmetrical bis-Schiff base derivatives of isatin. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2014. Vol. 74. pp: 742-750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.040
- Adibi, H., Khodaei, M. M., Pakravan, P., and Abiri, R. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of hydrazone and bishydrazone derivatives of isatin. Pharm. Chem. J. 2010. Vol . 44(4). pp: 219-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-010-0436-3
- Aziz T., Ullah A., Ullah R., Haq F., Iqbal M., Khan F. U., and Kiran M., Synthesis of Isatin and Its Derivatives and their Applications in Biological System. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 2020. Vol. 30(4). pp: 23615-23621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.30.004991
- Jarrahpour, A. A., and Khalili, D., Synthesis of 3, 3-[methylenebis (3, 1-phenylene nitrilo)] bis [1, 3-dihydro]-2H-indol-2-one as a novel bis-Schiff base. Molbank.2005. Vol. 2005(4) M437. pp: 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/M437
- Oguntoye, O. S., Hamid, A. A., Iloka, G. S., Bodede, S. O., Owalude, S. O., and Tella, A. C., Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of Schiff Bases of Imesatin and Isatin Derivatives. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manag. 2016. Vol. 20 (3). pp: 653-657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i3.20
- Prakash C. R., and Raja S., Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial activity of some novel 5-substituted Schiff and Mannich base of isatin derivatives. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2013. Vol. 17(3). pp: 337-344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.10.022
- Nirma L. R., Babu C. A., and Rao M. P., Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel Schiff bases analogue of 3-(4-(Amino) Phenylimino) 5-fluoroindolin-2-one. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci. 2010. Vol. 1(3). pp: 1-8.
- Prakash C.R., Raja S., Panneer Selvam T., Saravanan G., Karthick V., and Dinesh Kumar P., Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some novel Schiff bases of 5- substituted isatin derivatives. Rasayan J. Chem. 2009. Vol. 2(4). pp: 960-968.
- Mishra K., Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel isatin Derivatives. Inter. Arch. Appl. Sci. Technol. 2014. Vol. 5(1). pp: 28-32.
- Waddai F. Y., Kareem E. K., and Hussain S. A., Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Transition Metal Complexes with New Schiff Base Ligand (BDABI). Orient. J. Chem. 2018. Vol. 34(1). pp: 434-443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340147
- Katherashala S., and Bollam B., Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Isatin Derivatives for Antimicrobial Activity. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2014. Vol. 7(2). pp:182-184.
- Shukla S. N., Gaur P., Gupta J. P., Mathews S., and Rai N. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of complexes of Palladium with Schiff bases derived from 1, 3-diaminopropane. Int. j. basic appl. chem. sci. 2015. Vol. 5(1). pp: 18-28.
- Kandile N. G., Mohamed M. I., and Ismaeel H. M., Synthesis of new Schiff bases bearing 1, 2, 4-triazole, thiazolidine and chloroazetidine moieties and their pharmacological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2017. Vol. 32(1). pp: 119-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2016.1238365
- Al-Mudhafar M.M.J. and Kamoon R. A., Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of new Schiff’s and Mannich bases of isatin and isatin derivatives. J. Glob. Pharma Technol. 2020. Vol. 12(1). pp: 529-536.
- Kamoon R. A., Al-Mudhafar M. M. J., and Omar T. N., Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Azo Compounds Derived from Sulfonamides and Isatin Schiff Base. Int. J. Drug Deliv. Technol. 2020. Vol. 10(1). pp: 150-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.26
- Sangamesh A. P., Manjunatha M., Udaykumar V. K., and Prema S. B., Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological evaluation Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Mn (II) metal complexes of novel Isatin Schiff base ligand. Der. Pharm. Chem. 2011. Vol. 3(3). pp: 97-108.
- Rangaraju A., Pannerselvam P., and Murali K., Synthesis of Novel 1H-Indole-2, 3-Dione derivatives as potent antimycobacterial agents. Int. J. Adv. Pharm. Biol. Chem. 2013. Vol.2 (4). pp: 616-622.
- Jarrahpour A., Khalili D., De Clercq E., Salmi C., and Brunel J. M., Synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity evaluation of some new bis-Schiff bases of isatin and their derivatives. Molecules. 2007. Vol. 12(8). pp: 1720-1730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/12081720
- Pervez H., Ahmad M., Zaib S., Yaqub M., Naseer M. M., and Iqbal, J., Synthesis, cytotoxic and urease inhibitory activities of some novel isatin-derived bis-Schiff bases and their copper (II) complexes. MedChemComm. 2016. Vol. 7(5). pp: 914-923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5MD00529A
- Meenakshi K., Chandra N., Sarangapani M., Raghunandan N., and Gopal N., Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of new sulphamoyl isatin derivatives. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2015. Vol. 7(7). pp: 198-203.
- Ammar Y. A., El-Sharief A. M. S., Belal A., Abbas S. Y., Mohamed Y. A., Mehany A. B., and Ragab A. Design, synthesis, antiproliferative activity, molecular docking and cell cycle analysis of some novel (morpholinosulfonyl) isatins with potential EGFR inhibitory activity. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2018. Vol. 156. pp: 918-932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.061
- Lingala S., Kotagiri N., and Nerella R., Synthesis and Evaluation of Schiff Bases of 5- Sulfamoyl Isatin for Their Antimicrobial and Anti- Inflammatory Activity. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013. Vol. 2 (6). pp: 5511-5520.
- Chinnasamy R. P., Sundararajan R., and Govindaraj S. Synthesis, characterization, and analgesic activity of novel Schiff base of isatin derivatives. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. 2010. Vol. 1(3). pp: 342-347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0110-5558.72428
- Nirmal R., Meenakshi K., Shanmugapandiyan P., and Prakash, C. R., Synthesis Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Schiff Base Analogues of 3-(4-amino) Phenylimino) 5-fluoroindolin-2-one. J Young Pharm. 2010. Vol. 2(2). pp:162-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.63162
- Panneerselvam P., Reddy R. S., Murali K., and Kumar N. R., Synthesis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of some novel Schiff’s bases of 5-subsituted Isatin. Der Pharma Chemica. 2010. Vol. 2(1). pp: 28-37.
- Prakash C. R., Raja S., and Saravanan G., Synthesis, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and In Vitro Antimicrobial Studies of Some Novel Schiff and Mannich Base of 5-Substituted Isatin Derivatives. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. 2014. Vol. 6(10). pp:160-166.
- Prakash C. R., Raja S., and Saravanan G., Synthesis, Characterization and Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel Schiff Base of Isatin Derivatives. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. 2010. Vol. 2 (4). pp: 177- 181.
- Kulkarni A. A., Wankhede S. B., Dhawale N. D., Yadav P. B., Deore V. V., and Gonjari I. D., Synthesis, characterization and biological behavior of some Schiff's and Mannich base derivatives of Lamotrigine. Arab. J. Chem. 2017. Vol. 10. pp: S184-S189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.07.020
- Khan K. M., Khan M., Ambreen N., Rahim F., Muhammad B., Ali S., and Choudhary M. I., Bis-Schiff bases of isatins: a new class of antioxidant. J. Pharm. Res. 2011. Vol. 4(10). pp: 3402-3404.
- Khan K. M., Khan M., Ali M., Taha M., Rasheed S., Perveen S., and Choudhary M. I., Synthesis of bis-Schiff bases of isatins and their antiglycation activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem.2009. Vol. 17(22). pp: 7795-7801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.028
- Wang G., Chen M., Qiu J., Xie Z., and Cao A., Synthesis, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and docking studies of novel chromone- isatin derivatives. Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett. 2018. Vol. 28(2). pp: 113-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.047
- Meleddu R., Distinto S., Corona A., Tramontano E., Bianco G., Melis C., and Maccioni E., Isatin thiazoline hybrids as dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 2017. Vol. 32(1). pp: 130-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2016.1238366
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
