Fast track on the surface active agents involved in nanoemulsion for drug delivery

Sara Abdullah Challoob; Nidhal Khazaal Maraie; Issraa AL-Obaidi

doi:10.32947/ajps.v25i2.1141

Authors

Sara Abdullah Challoob Department of pharmaceutics, college of pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Nidhal Khazaal Maraie Department of pharmaceutics, college of pharmacy, Alfarahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
Issraa AL-Obaidi Fitabeo Therapeutics/ SIPBS, university of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v25i2.1141

Keywords:

nanoemulsion, surfactant, co-surfactant, drug delivery system

Abstract

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are colloidal dispersion systems made of two immiscible liquids combined with co-surfactants and surfactants (emulsifying agents), to form a thermodynamically stable. Numerous synthetic and natural compounds with the aim of enhancing bioactivity, delivery, and stability have been developed utilizing these delivery systems. This review focuses on the use of surface active agents (SAAs) in the formulation of NE in different drug delivery systems including intranasal, ophthalmic, buccal, dermal and vaginal, including how the type and concentration of SAAs influence the drug delivery system that is used for the NE and the type of NE that is formed (w/o or o/w).

References

1- Al-Sakini SJ, Maraie NK. In vitro evaluation of the effect of using different gelling agents on the release of erythromycin from a nanocubosomal gel. Al Mustansiriyah J Pharm Sci. 2019;19(1):34–43.

2- Mahdi ZH, Maraie NK. Overview on nanoemulsion as a recently developed approach in drug nanoformulation. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019;12(11):5554–60.

3- Naseema A, Kovooru L, Behera AK, Kumar KPP, Srivastava P. A critical review of synthesis procedures, applications and future potential of nanoemulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci . 2021;287:102318.

4- Gurpreet K, Singh SK. Review of nanoemulsion formulation and characterization techniques. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2018;80(5):781–9.

5- Anuar N, Sabri AH, Bustami Effendi TJ, Abdul Hamid K. Development and characterisation of ibuprofen-loaded nanoemulsion with enhanced oral bioavailability. Heliyon . 2020;6(7):e04570.

6- Tarik Alhamdany A, Saeed AMH, Alaayedi M. Nanoemulsion and solid nanoemulsion for improving oral delivery of a breast cancer drug: formulation, evaluation, and a comparison study. Saudi Pharm J . 2021;29(11):1278–88.

7- 7. Das AK, Nanda PK, Bandyopadhyay S, Banerjee R, Biswas S, McClements DJ. Application of nanoemulsion-based approaches for improving the quality and safety of muscle foods: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2020;19(5):2677–700.

8- Demisli S, Mitsou E, Pletsa V, Xenakis A, Papadimitriou V. Development and study of nanoemulsions and nanoemulsion‐based hydrogels for the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(12):1–19.

9- Thapa R, Sai K, Saha D, Kushwaha D, Aswal VK, Ghosh Moulick R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of a nanoemulsion system for solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Mol Liq . 2021;334:115998.

10- Mahadev M, Nandini HS, Ramu R, Gowda D V., Almarhoon ZM, Al-Ghorbani M, et al. Fabrication and evaluation of quercetin nanoemulsion: a delivery system with improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in diabetes mellitus. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15(1):1–22.

11- Mishchenko E V., Gileva AM, Markvicheva EA, Koroleva MY. Nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles with encapsulated doxorubicin and thymoquinone. Colloid J. 2023;85(5):736–45.

12- Ghareeb MM, Mohammed MS. Topical nanoemulsion-based gel of isoconazole. Al Mustansiriyah J Pharm Sci. 2023;23(4).

13- Abdullah TM, Al-Kinani KK. Topical propranolol hydrochloride nanoemulsion: a promising approach drug delivery for infantile hemangiomas. Iraqi J Pharm Sci. 2023;32:300–15.

14- Garg V, Jain GK, Nirmal J, Kohli K. Topical tacrolimus nanoemulsion, a promising therapeutic approach for uveitis. Med Hypotheses . 2013;81(5):901–4.

15- Qu Y, Li A, Ma L, Iqbal S, Sun X, Ma W, et al. Nose-to-brain delivery of disulfiram nanoemulsion in situ gel formulation for glioblastoma targeting therapy. Int J Pharm . 2021;597(12):120250.

16- Pagar KR, Darekar AB. Nanoemulsion: A new concept of delivery system. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2019;9(1):39.

17- Maraie NK, Almajidi YQ, Alshadher A. Absolute and relative bioavailability study for the newly developed nasal nanoemulsion in situ gel of ondansetron hcl in comparison to conventionally prepared in situ gel and intravenous dosages forms. Int J Appl Pharm. 2018;10(5):105–9.

18- Alaayedi MH, Maraie NK. Lomustine’s nanoemulsion as nose-to-brain drug delivery system for CNS tumor treatment. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31(8):101692.

19- Bazán Henostroza MA, Curo Melo KJ, Nishitani Yukuyama M, Löbenberg R, Araci Bou-Chacra N. Cationic rifampicin nanoemulsion for the treatment of ocular tuberculosis. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2020;597(1):124755.

20- Tavakoli M, Mahboobian MM, Nouri F, Mohammadi M. Studying the ophthalmic toxicity potential of developed ketoconazole loaded nanoemulsion in situ gel formulation for ophthalmic administration. Toxicol Mech Methods . 2021;31(8):572–80.

21- Jadhav A, Salave S, Rana D, Benival D. Development and in-vitro evaluation of dexamethasone enriched nanoemulsion for ophthalmic indication. Drug Deliv Lett. 2023;13(3):196–212.

22- Soliman M, Bakr F, Elsabbagh H. Development and characterization of nanoemulsion-based buccal films of atorvastatin calcium for enhancement of hypolipidemic effect. Zagazig J Pharm Sci. 2021;0(0):0–0.

23- Hosny KM, Sindi AM, Alkhalidi HM, Kurakula M, Alruwaili NK, Alhakamy NA, et al. Oral gel loaded with penciclovir–lavender oil nanoemulsion to enhance bioavailability and alleviate pain associated with herpes labialis. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):1043–54.

24- Abdella S, Afinjuomo F, Song Y, Upton R, Garg S. Mucoadhesive buccal film of estradiol for hormonal replacement therapy: development and in-vivo performance prediction. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3):1–24.

25- Ghareeb MM. Design and in vitro characterization of a topical nanoemulsionenriched hydrogel of econazole nitrate. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2019;9(1):51–7.

26- Md Saari NH, Chua LS, Hasham R, Yuliati L. Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion for better cellular permeation. Sci Pharm. 2020;88(4):1–12.

27- Gul U, Khan MI, Madni A, Sohail MF, Rehman M, Rasul A, et al. Olive oil and clove oil-based nanoemulsion for topical delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv . 2022;29(1):600–12.

28- Shaikh NM, Vijayendra Swamy SM, NARSING NS, Kulkarni KB. Formulation and evaluation of nanoemulsion for topical application. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019;9(4-s):370–5.

29- Smoleński M, Muschert S, Haznar-Garbacz D, Małolepsza-Jarmołowska K. Nanoemulsion loaded with clotrimazole based on rapeseed oil for potential vaginal application—development, initial assessment, and pilot release studies. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(5).

30- Song R, Yan F, Cheng M, Dong F, Lin Y, Wang Y, et al. Ultrasound-assisted preparation of exopolysaccharide/nystatin nanoemulsion for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:2027–44.

31- Patel RP, Joshi JR. An overview on nanoemulsion: a novel approach. Int J Pharm Sci Res . 2012;3(12):4640–50.

32- Jayasankar P, Karthyayaniamma R. Surfactants-surface active agents behind sustainable living. Phys Sci Rev. 2022;(10).

33- Anestopoulos I, Kiousi DE, Klavaris A, Galanis A, Salek K, Euston SR, et al. Surface active agents and their health-promoting properties: Molecules of multifunctional significance. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(7):1–35.

34- Choudhury H, Gorain B, Chatterjee B, Mandal UK, Sengupta P, Tekade RK. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of nanoemulsion following oral, intravenous, topical and nasal route. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(17):2504–31.

35- Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech. 2015;5(2):123–7.

36- Tayel SA, El-Nabarawi MA, Tadros MI, Abd-Elsalam WH. Promising ion-sensitive in situ ocular nanoemulsion gels of terbinafine hydrochloride: Design, in vitro characterization and in vivo estimation of the ocular irritation and drug pharmacokinetics in the aqueous humor of rabbits. Int J Pharm . 2013;443(1–2):293–305.

37- Ibrahim SS. The role of surface active agents in ophthalmic drug delivery: a comprehensive review. J Pharm Sci . 2019;108(6):1923–33.

38- B. H, M. K, B. Sree R, A. V, K. P. An Overview on nasal drug delivery system. Asian J Pharm Res. 2022;(1):249–58.

39- Shuaib F, Kimbrough D, Roofe M, McGwin Jr G, Jolly P. patiant specific colloidal blaque progression simulation. Bone. 2008;23(1):1–7.

40- Hadi AS, Ghareeb MM. Rizatriptan benzoate nanoemulsion for intranasal drug delivery: preparation and characterization. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2022;12(2):546–52.

41- Ashhar MU, Kumar S, Ali J, Baboota S. CCRD based development of bromocriptine and glutathione nanoemulsion tailored ultrasonically for the combined anti-parkinson effect. Chem Phys Lipids. 2021;235(12):105035.

42- Kumar M, Misra A, Babbar AK, Mishra AK, Mishra P, Pathak K. Intranasal nanoemulsion based brain targeting drug delivery system of risperidone. Int J Pharm. 2008;358(1–2):285–91.

43- Abdulla NA, Balata GF, El-ghamry HA, Gomaa E. Intranasal delivery of Clozapine using nanoemulsion-based in-situ gels: An approach for bioavailability enhancement. Saudi Pharm J . 2021;29(12):1466–85.

44- Ding S. Recent developments in ophthalmic drug delivery. Pharm Sci Technol Today. 1998;1(8):328–35.

45- Choradiya BR, Patil SB. A comprehensive review on nanoemulsion as an ophthalmic drug delivery system. J Mol Liq. 2021;339:116751.

46- Souto EB, Doktorovova S, Gonzalez-Mira E, Egea MA, Garcia ML. Feasibility of lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. Curr Eye Res. 2010;35(7):537–52.

47- Mahboobian MM, Seyfoddin A, Aboofazeli R, Foroutan SM, Rupenthal ID. Brinzolamide–loaded nanoemulsions: ex vivo transcorneal permeation, cell viability and ocular irritation tests. Pharm Dev Technol. 2019;24(5):600–6.

48- Smail SS, Ghareeb MM, Omer HK, Al-Kinani AA, Alany RG. Studies on surfactants, cosurfactants, and oils for prospective use in formulation of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic nanoemulsions. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(4).

49- Mohammadi M, Elahimehr Z, Mahboobian MM. Acyclovir-loaded nanoemulsions: preparation, characterization and irritancy studies for ophthalmic delivery. Curr Eye Res . 2021;46(11):1646–52.

50- Youssef AAA, Cai C, Dudhipala N, Majumdar S. Design of topical ocular ciprofloxacin nanoemulsion for the management of bacterial keratitis. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(3):1–19.

51- Shojaei AH, Chang RK, Guo X, Burnside BA, Couch RA. Systemic drug delivery via the buccal mucosal route. Pharm Technol North Am. 2001;25(6):70–81.

52- Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Modeling the oral cavity: In vitro and in vivo evaluations of buccal drug delivery systems. J Control Release. 2012;161(3):746–56.

53- Hosny KM, Sindi AM, Alkhalidi HM, Kurakula M, Hassan AH, Bakhaidar RB, et al. Development of omega-3 loxoprofen-loaded nanoemulsion to limit the side effect associated with NSAIDs in treatment of tooth pain. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):741–51.

54- Ali SA, Alhakamy NA, Hosny KM, Alfayez E, Bukhary DM, Safhi AY, et al. Rapid oral transmucosal delivery of zaleplon–lavender oil utilizing self-nanoemulsifying lyophilized tablets technology: development, optimization and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Drug Deliv. 2022;29(1):2773–83.

55- Psimadas D, Georgoulias P, Valotassiou V, Loudos G. Development and characterization of a novel nystatin-loaded nanoemulsion for the buccal treatment of candidosis: ultrastructural effects and release studies: J Pharm Sci. 2012;101(7):2271–80.

56- Carita AC, Eloy JO, Chorilli M, Lee RJ, Leonardi GR. Recent advances and perspectives in liposomes for cutaneous drug delivery. Curr Med Chem. 2017;25(5):606–35.

57- Tran TNT. Cutaneous Drug Delivery: An Update. J Investig Dermatology Symp Proc . 2013;16(1):S67–9.

58- Schwarz JC, Klang V, Karall S, Mahrhauser D, Resch GP, Valenta C. Optimisation of multiple W/O/W nanoemulsions for dermal delivery of aciclovir. Int J Pharm. 2012;435(1):69–75.

59- Shahid M, Hussain A, Khan AA, Ramzan M, Alaofi AL, Alanazi AM, et al. Ketoconazole-loaded cationic nanoemulsion: in vitro-ex vivo-in vivo evaluations to control cutaneous fungal infections. ACS Omega. 2022;7(23):20267–79.

60- Najafi-Taher R, Ghaemi B, Amani A. Delivery of adapalene using a novel topical gel based on tea tree oil nano-emulsion: Permeation, antibacterial and safety assessments. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;120(11):142–51.

61- Rashid SA, Bashir S, Naseem F, Farid A, Rather IA, Hakeem KR. Olive oil based methotrexate loaded topical nanoemulsion gel for the treatment of imiquimod induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in an animal model. Biology (Basel). 2021;10(11).

62- El-Hammadi M, Arias J. Nano-Sized Platforms for Vaginal Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(12):1633–44.

63- dos Santos MK, Kreutz T, Danielli LJ, De Marchi JGB, Pippi B, Koester LS, et al. A chitosan hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsion containing Pelargonium graveolens essential oil for treatment of vaginal candidiasis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;56(1):101527.

64- dos Santos Ramos MA, Da Silva PB, De Toledo LG, Oda FB, Da Silva IC, dos Santos LC, et al. Intravaginal delivery of syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland fraction based on a nanoemulsion system applied to vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2019;15(5):1072–89.

65- Menon S, Vartak R, Patel K, Billack B. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of an ebselen-loaded nanoemulsion in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol Med. 2021;37:102428.

66- Khattab A, Ismail S. Formulation and evaluation of oxiconazole nitrate mucoadhesive nanoemulsion based gel for treatment of fungal vaginal infection. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;8(3):33–40.

67- Patil MU, Rajput AP, Belgamwar VS, Chalikwar SS. Development and characterization of amphotericin B nanoemulsion-loaded mucoadhesive gel for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Heliyon . 2022;8(11):e11489.

68- Lawrence MJ. Surfactant systems: Their use in drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev. 1994;23(6):417–24.

69- Alapján- V. A study of polar lipid drug carrier systems undergoing a thermoreversiable lamellar-to-cubic phase transition. 2016;1–23.