Fast track on the surface active agents involved in nanoemulsion for drug delivery
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) are colloidal dispersion systems made of two immiscible liquids combined with co-surfactants and surfactants (emulsifying agents), to form a thermodynamically stable. Numerous synthetic and natural compounds with the aim of enhancing bioactivity, delivery, and stability have been developed utilizing these delivery systems. This review focuses on the use of surface active agents (SAAs) in the formulation of NE in different drug delivery systems including intranasal, ophthalmic, buccal, dermal and vaginal, including how the type and concentration of SAAs influence the drug delivery system that is used for the NE and the type of NE that is formed (w/o or o/w).
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1- Al-Sakini SJ, Maraie NK. In vitro evaluation of the effect of using different gelling agents on the release of erythromycin from a nanocubosomal gel. Al Mustansiriyah J Pharm Sci. 2019;19(1):34–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v19i1.542
2- Mahdi ZH, Maraie NK. Overview on nanoemulsion as a recently developed approach in drug nanoformulation. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019;12(11):5554–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00963.6
3- Naseema A, Kovooru L, Behera AK, Kumar KPP, Srivastava P. A critical review of synthesis procedures, applications and future potential of nanoemulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci . 2021;287:102318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102318
4- Gurpreet K, Singh SK. Review of nanoemulsion formulation and characterization techniques. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2018;80(5):781–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000422
5- Anuar N, Sabri AH, Bustami Effendi TJ, Abdul Hamid K. Development and characterisation of ibuprofen-loaded nanoemulsion with enhanced oral bioavailability. Heliyon . 2020;6(7):e04570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04570
6- Tarik Alhamdany A, Saeed AMH, Alaayedi M. Nanoemulsion and solid nanoemulsion for improving oral delivery of a breast cancer drug: formulation, evaluation, and a comparison study. Saudi Pharm J . 2021;29(11):1278–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.016
7- 7. Das AK, Nanda PK, Bandyopadhyay S, Banerjee R, Biswas S, McClements DJ. Application of nanoemulsion-based approaches for improving the quality and safety of muscle foods: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2020;19(5):2677–700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12604
8- Demisli S, Mitsou E, Pletsa V, Xenakis A, Papadimitriou V. Development and study of nanoemulsions and nanoemulsion‐based hydrogels for the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(12):1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122464
9- Thapa R, Sai K, Saha D, Kushwaha D, Aswal VK, Ghosh Moulick R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of a nanoemulsion system for solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Mol Liq . 2021;334:115998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115998
10- Mahadev M, Nandini HS, Ramu R, Gowda D V., Almarhoon ZM, Al-Ghorbani M, et al. Fabrication and evaluation of quercetin nanoemulsion: a delivery system with improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in diabetes mellitus. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15(1):1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15010070
11- Mishchenko E V., Gileva AM, Markvicheva EA, Koroleva MY. Nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles with encapsulated doxorubicin and thymoquinone. Colloid J. 2023;85(5):736–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061933X23600707
12- Ghareeb MM, Mohammed MS. Topical nanoemulsion-based gel of isoconazole. Al Mustansiriyah J Pharm Sci. 2023;23(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v23i4.1093
13- Abdullah TM, Al-Kinani KK. Topical propranolol hydrochloride nanoemulsion: a promising approach drug delivery for infantile hemangiomas. Iraqi J Pharm Sci. 2023;32:300–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32issSuppl.pp300-315
14- Garg V, Jain GK, Nirmal J, Kohli K. Topical tacrolimus nanoemulsion, a promising therapeutic approach for uveitis. Med Hypotheses . 2013;81(5):901–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.007
15- Qu Y, Li A, Ma L, Iqbal S, Sun X, Ma W, et al. Nose-to-brain delivery of disulfiram nanoemulsion in situ gel formulation for glioblastoma targeting therapy. Int J Pharm . 2021;597(12):120250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120250
16- Pagar KR, Darekar AB. Nanoemulsion: A new concept of delivery system. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2019;9(1):39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5659.2019.00006.7
17- Maraie NK, Almajidi YQ, Alshadher A. Absolute and relative bioavailability study for the newly developed nasal nanoemulsion in situ gel of ondansetron hcl in comparison to conventionally prepared in situ gel and intravenous dosages forms. Int J Appl Pharm. 2018;10(5):105–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.27396
18- Alaayedi MH, Maraie NK. Lomustine’s nanoemulsion as nose-to-brain drug delivery system for CNS tumor treatment. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31(8):101692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.025
19- Bazán Henostroza MA, Curo Melo KJ, Nishitani Yukuyama M, Löbenberg R, Araci Bou-Chacra N. Cationic rifampicin nanoemulsion for the treatment of ocular tuberculosis. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2020;597(1):124755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124755
20- Tavakoli M, Mahboobian MM, Nouri F, Mohammadi M. Studying the ophthalmic toxicity potential of developed ketoconazole loaded nanoemulsion in situ gel formulation for ophthalmic administration. Toxicol Mech Methods . 2021;31(8):572–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2021.1941461
21- Jadhav A, Salave S, Rana D, Benival D. Development and in-vitro evaluation of dexamethasone enriched nanoemulsion for ophthalmic indication. Drug Deliv Lett. 2023;13(3):196–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/2210303113666230309151048
22- Soliman M, Bakr F, Elsabbagh H. Development and characterization of nanoemulsion-based buccal films of atorvastatin calcium for enhancement of hypolipidemic effect. Zagazig J Pharm Sci. 2021;0(0):0–0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/zjps.2021.91713.1022
23- Hosny KM, Sindi AM, Alkhalidi HM, Kurakula M, Alruwaili NK, Alhakamy NA, et al. Oral gel loaded with penciclovir–lavender oil nanoemulsion to enhance bioavailability and alleviate pain associated with herpes labialis. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):1043–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2021.1931561
24- Abdella S, Afinjuomo F, Song Y, Upton R, Garg S. Mucoadhesive buccal film of estradiol for hormonal replacement therapy: development and in-vivo performance prediction. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3):1–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030542
25- Ghareeb MM. Design and in vitro characterization of a topical nanoemulsionenriched hydrogel of econazole nitrate. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2019;9(1):51–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2019.90108
26- Md Saari NH, Chua LS, Hasham R, Yuliati L. Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion for better cellular permeation. Sci Pharm. 2020;88(4):1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88040044
27- Gul U, Khan MI, Madni A, Sohail MF, Rehman M, Rasul A, et al. Olive oil and clove oil-based nanoemulsion for topical delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv . 2022;29(1):600–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2022.2039805
28- Shaikh NM, Vijayendra Swamy SM, NARSING NS, Kulkarni KB. Formulation and evaluation of nanoemulsion for topical application. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019;9(4-s):370–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3301
29- Smoleński M, Muschert S, Haznar-Garbacz D, Małolepsza-Jarmołowska K. Nanoemulsion loaded with clotrimazole based on rapeseed oil for potential vaginal application—development, initial assessment, and pilot release studies. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051437
30- Song R, Yan F, Cheng M, Dong F, Lin Y, Wang Y, et al. Ultrasound-assisted preparation of exopolysaccharide/nystatin nanoemulsion for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:2027–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S241134
31- Patel RP, Joshi JR. An overview on nanoemulsion: a novel approach. Int J Pharm Sci Res . 2012;3(12):4640–50.
32- Jayasankar P, Karthyayaniamma R. Surfactants-surface active agents behind sustainable living. Phys Sci Rev. 2022;(10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0130
33- Anestopoulos I, Kiousi DE, Klavaris A, Galanis A, Salek K, Euston SR, et al. Surface active agents and their health-promoting properties: Molecules of multifunctional significance. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(7):1–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070688
34- Choudhury H, Gorain B, Chatterjee B, Mandal UK, Sengupta P, Tekade RK. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of nanoemulsion following oral, intravenous, topical and nasal route. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(17):2504–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161201143600
35- Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech. 2015;5(2):123–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0214-0
36- Tayel SA, El-Nabarawi MA, Tadros MI, Abd-Elsalam WH. Promising ion-sensitive in situ ocular nanoemulsion gels of terbinafine hydrochloride: Design, in vitro characterization and in vivo estimation of the ocular irritation and drug pharmacokinetics in the aqueous humor of rabbits. Int J Pharm . 2013;443(1–2):293–305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.049
37- Ibrahim SS. The role of surface active agents in ophthalmic drug delivery: a comprehensive review. J Pharm Sci . 2019;108(6):1923–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.016
38- B. H, M. K, B. Sree R, A. V, K. P. An Overview on nasal drug delivery system. Asian J Pharm Res. 2022;(1):249–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-5691.2022.00041
39- Shuaib F, Kimbrough D, Roofe M, McGwin Jr G, Jolly P. patiant specific colloidal blaque progression simulation. Bone. 2008;23(1):1–7.
40- Hadi AS, Ghareeb MM. Rizatriptan benzoate nanoemulsion for intranasal drug delivery: preparation and characterization. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2022;12(2):546–52.
41- Ashhar MU, Kumar S, Ali J, Baboota S. CCRD based development of bromocriptine and glutathione nanoemulsion tailored ultrasonically for the combined anti-parkinson effect. Chem Phys Lipids. 2021;235(12):105035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105035
42- Kumar M, Misra A, Babbar AK, Mishra AK, Mishra P, Pathak K. Intranasal nanoemulsion based brain targeting drug delivery system of risperidone. Int J Pharm. 2008;358(1–2):285–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.029
43- Abdulla NA, Balata GF, El-ghamry HA, Gomaa E. Intranasal delivery of Clozapine using nanoemulsion-based in-situ gels: An approach for bioavailability enhancement. Saudi Pharm J . 2021;29(12):1466–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.11.006
44- Ding S. Recent developments in ophthalmic drug delivery. Pharm Sci Technol Today. 1998;1(8):328–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1461-5347(98)00087-X
45- Choradiya BR, Patil SB. A comprehensive review on nanoemulsion as an ophthalmic drug delivery system. J Mol Liq. 2021;339:116751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116751
46- Souto EB, Doktorovova S, Gonzalez-Mira E, Egea MA, Garcia ML. Feasibility of lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. Curr Eye Res. 2010;35(7):537–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/02713681003760168
47- Mahboobian MM, Seyfoddin A, Aboofazeli R, Foroutan SM, Rupenthal ID. Brinzolamide–loaded nanoemulsions: ex vivo transcorneal permeation, cell viability and ocular irritation tests. Pharm Dev Technol. 2019;24(5):600–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2018.1547748
48- Smail SS, Ghareeb MM, Omer HK, Al-Kinani AA, Alany RG. Studies on surfactants, cosurfactants, and oils for prospective use in formulation of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic nanoemulsions. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040467
49- Mohammadi M, Elahimehr Z, Mahboobian MM. Acyclovir-loaded nanoemulsions: preparation, characterization and irritancy studies for ophthalmic delivery. Curr Eye Res . 2021;46(11):1646–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2021.1929328
50- Youssef AAA, Cai C, Dudhipala N, Majumdar S. Design of topical ocular ciprofloxacin nanoemulsion for the management of bacterial keratitis. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(3):1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14030210
51- Shojaei AH, Chang RK, Guo X, Burnside BA, Couch RA. Systemic drug delivery via the buccal mucosal route. Pharm Technol North Am. 2001;25(6):70–81.
52- Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Modeling the oral cavity: In vitro and in vivo evaluations of buccal drug delivery systems. J Control Release. 2012;161(3):746–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.026
53- Hosny KM, Sindi AM, Alkhalidi HM, Kurakula M, Hassan AH, Bakhaidar RB, et al. Development of omega-3 loxoprofen-loaded nanoemulsion to limit the side effect associated with NSAIDs in treatment of tooth pain. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):741–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2021.1909179
54- Ali SA, Alhakamy NA, Hosny KM, Alfayez E, Bukhary DM, Safhi AY, et al. Rapid oral transmucosal delivery of zaleplon–lavender oil utilizing self-nanoemulsifying lyophilized tablets technology: development, optimization and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Drug Deliv. 2022;29(1):2773–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2022.2115165
55- Psimadas D, Georgoulias P, Valotassiou V, Loudos G. Development and characterization of a novel nystatin-loaded nanoemulsion for the buccal treatment of candidosis: ultrastructural effects and release studies: J Pharm Sci. 2012;101(7):2271–80.
56- Carita AC, Eloy JO, Chorilli M, Lee RJ, Leonardi GR. Recent advances and perspectives in liposomes for cutaneous drug delivery. Curr Med Chem. 2017;25(5):606–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171009120154
57- Tran TNT. Cutaneous Drug Delivery: An Update. J Investig Dermatology Symp Proc . 2013;16(1):S67–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/jidsymp.2013.28
58- Schwarz JC, Klang V, Karall S, Mahrhauser D, Resch GP, Valenta C. Optimisation of multiple W/O/W nanoemulsions for dermal delivery of aciclovir. Int J Pharm. 2012;435(1):69–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.038
59- Shahid M, Hussain A, Khan AA, Ramzan M, Alaofi AL, Alanazi AM, et al. Ketoconazole-loaded cationic nanoemulsion: in vitro-ex vivo-in vivo evaluations to control cutaneous fungal infections. ACS Omega. 2022;7(23):20267–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c02219
60- Najafi-Taher R, Ghaemi B, Amani A. Delivery of adapalene using a novel topical gel based on tea tree oil nano-emulsion: Permeation, antibacterial and safety assessments. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;120(11):142–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.029
61- Rashid SA, Bashir S, Naseem F, Farid A, Rather IA, Hakeem KR. Olive oil based methotrexate loaded topical nanoemulsion gel for the treatment of imiquimod induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in an animal model. Biology (Basel). 2021;10(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111121
62- El-Hammadi M, Arias J. Nano-Sized Platforms for Vaginal Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(12):1633–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666141029150427
63- dos Santos MK, Kreutz T, Danielli LJ, De Marchi JGB, Pippi B, Koester LS, et al. A chitosan hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsion containing Pelargonium graveolens essential oil for treatment of vaginal candidiasis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;56(1):101527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101527
64- dos Santos Ramos MA, Da Silva PB, De Toledo LG, Oda FB, Da Silva IC, dos Santos LC, et al. Intravaginal delivery of syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland fraction based on a nanoemulsion system applied to vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2019;15(5):1072–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2019.2750
65- Menon S, Vartak R, Patel K, Billack B. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of an ebselen-loaded nanoemulsion in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol Med. 2021;37:102428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2021.102428
66- Khattab A, Ismail S. Formulation and evaluation of oxiconazole nitrate mucoadhesive nanoemulsion based gel for treatment of fungal vaginal infection. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;8(3):33–40.
67- Patil MU, Rajput AP, Belgamwar VS, Chalikwar SS. Development and characterization of amphotericin B nanoemulsion-loaded mucoadhesive gel for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Heliyon . 2022;8(11):e11489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11489
68- Lawrence MJ. Surfactant systems: Their use in drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev. 1994;23(6):417–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/cs9942300417
69- Alapján- V. A study of polar lipid drug carrier systems undergoing a thermoreversiable lamellar-to-cubic phase transition. 2016;1–23.